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Conditional Statements in PHP

Conditional statements in PHP are used to execute different blocks of code based on specific conditions. These statements help make decisions within a program.

PHP supports the following conditional statements:

  • if Statement – Executes code if a condition is true.
  • if-else Statement – Executes one block if the condition is true, otherwise another block.
  • if-elseif-else Statement – Allows multiple conditions to be checked sequentially.
  • switch Statement – Selects one block of code to execute from multiple options.

1. if Statement

Definition:

The if statement checks a condition and executes a block of code only if the condition evaluates to true.

Syntax:

if (condition)

{

// Code to execute if condition is true

}

Example:

<?php
$age = 20;
if ($age >= 18)
{
    echo "You are eligible to vote.";
}
?>

2. if-else Statement

Definition:

The if-else statement executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if it is false.

Syntax:

if (condition)

{

// Code if condition is true

}

else

{

// Code if condition is false

}

Example:

<?php

$marks = 45;
if ($marks >= 50)
{
    echo "You passed.";
} 
else 
{
    echo "You failed.";
}
?>

3. if-elseif-else Statement

Definition:

The if-elseif-else statement allows multiple conditions to be checked in sequence. The first true condition's block is executed, and the remaining conditions are skipped.

Syntax:

if (condition1)

{

// Code if condition1 is true

} elseif (condition2)

{

// Code if condition2 is true

}

else

{

// Code if none of the conditions are true

}

Example:

<?php
$score = 85;
if ($score >= 90) {
    echo "Grade: A";
} elseif ($score >= 75) {
    echo "Grade: B";
} elseif ($score >= 60) {
    echo "Grade: C";
} else {
    echo "Grade: D";
}
?>

4. switch Statement

Definition:

The switch statement is used when multiple conditions need to be checked against the same variable. It provides a cleaner alternative to multiple if-elseif statements.

Syntax:

switch (variable)

{

case value1:

// Code for value1

break;

case value2:

// Code for value2

break;

default:

// Code if no case matches

}

Example:

<?php
$day = "Monday";
switch ($day) 
{
    case "Monday":
        echo "Start of the workweek.";
        break;
    case "Friday":
        echo "Weekend is near!";
        break;
    case "Sunday":
        echo "It's a holiday!";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Just another day.";
}
?>

 


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